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《PEP小学英语语法点讲解——时态》

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  很多自觉英语不好的同学可能都有一个困惑,就是英语学了很多年,却从来没有系统地学习过语法,语法不懂,考试发懵。小编在这里整理了相关知识,快来看看吧!

  PEP小学英语语法点讲解——时态

  一、一般现在时

  一般现在时的功能

  1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。

  2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

  3. 表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

  一般现在时的构成

  1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:

  肯定句:She is a teacher.

  否定句:She is not a teacher.

  一般疑问句: Is she a teacher?

  2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:

  We study English.

  当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。

  Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  行为动词的变化

  否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:

  I don't like bread.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:

  He doesn't work hard.

  一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:

  -Do you often play football?

  -Yes,I do./No,I don't.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

  -Does she go to work by bike?

  -Yes,she does./No,she doesn't.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

  动词+s的变化规则

  1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks

  2. 以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes

  3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies

  三、现在进行时

  1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

  3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

  4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

  5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:

  疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?

  但疑问词当主语时其结构为:

  疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 如:Who is singing in the room?

  动词加ing的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, swim-swimming

  三、一般将来时

  1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。

  2. 基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.

  3. 否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

  例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

  4. 一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

  例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

  5. 对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

  ①.问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

  ②.问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this

  afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?

  ③.问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

  四、一般过去时

  1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

  2. be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

  ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

  ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

  3. 句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

  否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

  一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

  特殊疑问句:

  ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如:What did Jim do yesterday?

  ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went home yesterday?

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2. 结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5. 不规则动词过去式:

  am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

  习题讲解

  1.David _________making model ships, but Mike doesn’t.

  A: like B:likes C: is like

  解析:正确答案B。这里是like的用法,因为David是第三人称故A排除,C中is like 表示像什么,根据句意本题应该是David喜欢做模型船。

  2.---What are you going to do next week?

  ---I___________in the sea.

  A:am going to swim B:am swimming C:swim

  解析:正确答案是A。问题里面的next week表示将来时,根据语法结构将来时应该用be going to do,故选A。

  成语双语故事:指鹿为马

  call black white (and white black)

  指鹿为马

  In Qin dynasty, there was a powerful and evil counselor named Zhao Gao.

  在秦朝,有个很得势的奸臣叫赵高。

  Zhao Gao wanted to rebel, but he didn‘t know how many people in the court would stand by his side.

  赵高想造反,但是又不知道群臣中有多少人会支持他。

  So he worked out a way to test the people.

  于是他想了个办法来测试。

  He presented a deer as a tribute to the emperor in front of the court, and said that it was a swift horse.

  他在群臣面前送了一头鹿给皇上,并说这是一匹千里马。

  The emperor not accepting his statement said, “This is obviously a deer.”

  皇上不信,说“这明明是鹿啊。”

  Then, Zhao Gao took this opportunity to ask the court, “Is this a deer or a horse?”

  然后赵高借机问各位大臣,“这是鹿还是马?”

  In the court, those who didn’t dare to go against Zhao Gao agreed with him and said that it was a horse, those who dared to go against Zhao Gao said that it was a deer.

  在大臣中,不敢反抗赵高的都赞同说是马,敢于反对赵高的说是鹿。

  Later, Zhao Gao remembered the counselors who didn‘t agree with him and persecuted them to solidify his power.

  后来,赵高记住了这些反对他的人并加以迫害,以巩固自己的势力。

  This story is still popular even today. People use this idiom to describe someone who calls white black.

  这个故事流传至今,人们用这个成语来形容一个人颠倒黑白。

  英语中表达“指鹿为马”意思的短语可以用“call black white (and white black)”,意思也就是“把黑的当白的,把白的当作黑的”,这样也就是颠倒是非啦~


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