《初三的英语语法知识点大全》

许多英语学习者在实践中积累了丰富的经验,探讨了很多有效的方法。下面小编为大家带来初三的英语语法知识点大全，希望对您有帮助，欢迎参考阅读!

初三英语语法知识点

下面这则广告中的形容词“irresistable”里的后缀( suffix)不对，应该把“-able”改为“-ible”：

“We offer: competitive monthly salary, weekly incentives, attractive transport allowance, incentive trips and irresistable performance bonus.”

到底是“-able”，还是“-ible”?这两者有何不同?

现在先从形容词的其他后缀谈起。

形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的;另一类是加到动词上的。

㈠加到名词上的主要有：① -y，如：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy; ② -ly，如：costly, friendly, lovely, orderly, timely;③ -ful，如：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful;④ -less，如：careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless;⑤ -ous/-ious，如：dangerous; courageous, envious, mysterious;⑥ -al/-tal/-ial/-tial，如：accidental, horizontal, colonial, influential;⑦ -ic/-etic/-atic，如：artistic, sympathetic, systematic;⑧ -ish，如：childish, foolish, selfish;⑨ -like，如： life-like, business-like, war-like;⑩ -ed/-en，如：skilled, horned, golden, wooden.

㈡加到动词上的有：① -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant, pleasant;② -able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible;③ -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive;④ -ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen;⑤ -ing，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining.

-able/ible 出现在第二类后缀中，“-able”后缀的形容词属英语体系的字：“-ible”后缀的形容词则来自拉丁体系。前者数量大，后者数量少，主要的是下面这些，可以特别留意：

accessible, apprehensible, audible, compatible, contemptible, convertible, corrigible, destructible, digestible, divisible, defensible, edible, eligible, exhaustible, fallible, feasible, flexible, forcible, horrible, illegible, intelligible, negligible, perceptible, possible, responsible, resistible, sensible, suspectible, tangible, terrible, visible.

现在顺便把名词、动词和副词主要后缀提出，作为参考：

⑴名词后缀

-ment, -t, -ture, -ion/-ition, -al, -ance, -ent, -er, -ant 等。这些名词后缀都要加到适当的动词上，如：arrangement, restraint, fixture, celebration, extension, competition, renewal, assistance, resident, exporter, attendant.

-ness, -y/-ty/-ity, -th, -ce/-cy 等，可以加到适当的形容词上如：darkness, kindness, honesty, loyalty, simplicity, truth, warmth, importance, absence, ungency, efficiency.

⑵动词后缀：

加到名词上的有 -en, -ise/-ize, -fy, -ate，如：frighten, apologise, beautify, motivate.

加到形容词上的有 -ise/-ize, -en，如：modernise, realise, brighten, weaken.

⑶副词后缀：

-ly，可以加到形容词和某些名词上，如：beautifully, clearly, leisurely, weekly.

每个后缀都有一定的意思，但不能脱离词根独立生存，这点要特别注意，以免犯错。

初三英语语法知识点总结

名词的误用，特别是代名词的数和所指引的主语的数不符，使得后头谓语动词的.数也跟着出差错，真是差之毫厘，失之千里，不可不察。

这里要指出一些方向，以避免因代名词的错误而使句子的意思模糊不清。

怎样避免代名词的错误呢?

㈠不要用同个代名词指引两个性别一样的名词，如：

① Mr Li told Mr Lin that he was wrong.

这里的 he 既可指林先生，也可指李先生，含糊不清。应该改为 ②或③：

② Mr Li said to Mr Lin, "I am wrong."

③ Mr Li said to Mr Lin, "You are wrong."

㈡避免把代名词和它所指引的名词隔开太远，如：

④ The man leaned over the bench for hours working on the plan. It was too low to be comfortable.

这里的代词 it 离开名词 the bench 太远，结果关系不清楚，因为在位置上，它更适合指引 the plan.在这种情况下，只好避开 it，而用名词，即 the bench.

㈢避免滥用指示代词“this, that”或关系代词“who, which, that”泛指上文的内容。例如：

⑤ Tom's brother is an accountant, and this is the profession everyone envies."

这里的 this 指“accountant”。“会计师”是一种专业人士，和后头的“专业”(profession)并不相称，因此要把 this 改为 accountancy(会计工作)，才合句子的意思。

⑥ The profit from the business was large, which I realised sometime later.

这里的“which I realised sometime later”是句形容词分句，应该出现在先行词后面，不应该脱离出来而独立。如果要用它来修饰全句话，更不合逻辑，应该改为⑦或⑧：

⑦ I realised sometime later that the profit from the business was large.(主句 + 名词分句)

⑧ The profit from the business was large. I realised this (matter) sometime later.(单句 + 单句)

㈣避免用代名词“they, you, it”影射脑子里的事物，如：

⑨ In Singapore, it relies heavily on tourism as a source of national revenue.

这里的 it 指向什么呢?如果是心目中的“政府”或“旅游促进局”，那就要明言，不要用不清不楚的 it：

⑩ In Singapore, the government……

In Singapore, the Tourist Promotion Board……

In less industrialised countries, they do not know the problems of urban development.

这里的代名词 they 是不是指 the people(人民)?如果是就用吧。In less industrialised countries, the people……过后，要再提这主语时，才用 they：……the people……They are only interested in their daily life.

其实，在这种主语不详的情况下，被动语态是最好的选择：

In less industrialised countries, the problems of urban development are not known.

被动语态的动词

主动语态比被动语态直接而有力，多用主动语态，可以使文章充满朝气，呈现活力。在下列两组句子中， (b)比(a)有力：

(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

虽然如此，在某些情况下，非用被动语态不可。前此已提过这事，这里不再重述。这里只有指出其中一点，就是有些动词，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被动语态形式出现。

例如：

(1)This survey was based on facts.

(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

(3)You are expected to come on time.

(4)All are supposed to work hard.

除了上述这些动词之外，还有十种，几乎都以被动式出现。

(一)有关“疾病”的动词，如：

(1)Helen's left lung is infected.

(2)He is confined to the house by illness.

(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

(二)有关“疲乏”的动词，如：

(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.

(5)Tom was done up after the race.

(三)有关“喜乐”的动词，如：

(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.

(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.

(8) I am very pleased to see you here.

(四)有关“延迟”或“障碍”的动词，如：

(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

(10)The road was blocked by ice.

(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

(五)有关“惯性动作”的动词，如：

(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.

(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

(六)有关“烦恼”或“焦急”的动词，如：

(14)Who was upset by John?

(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.

(七)有关“惊奇”或“震惊”的动词，如：

(16) I was surprised to see him here.

(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.

(八)有关“包围”的动词，如：

(18)The troops were surrounded.

(19)Troy was besieged.

(九)有关“沾污”或“污化”的动词，如：

(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.

(21)The water was contaminated with oil.

(十)有关“害怕”或“混乱”的动词，如：

(22)All were frightened out of their wits.

(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.

要注意的一点是，上面这十类动词有些已渐渐失去了动词力量，转化为惯用语。

初三英语语法知识点归纳

一、定义

过去将来时常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。

过去将来时的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。

例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane. 玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。

二、用法

1.　表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

I didn’t know when he would go to the park.

He said that he would wait for me at the school gate.

此种情况常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。用“was / were going to + 动词原形”，“was / were about to + 动词原形”表示将来的动作或状态。

She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.

I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.

和一般将来时一样，也可用相应的其他形式表示。

2.过去进行时态有时可用来表示过去将来。

He said the train was leaving at

five the next morning. He said he was coming to see me.

常见于come, go等瞬间动词。

(1)基本构成——

A ) would + 动词原形

如：He asked me if I would stay here. 他问我是否要待在这儿。

B ) was / were going to + 动词原形

如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework. 没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。

C ) was/ were ( about ) to + 动词原形

如：He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。

She said that the meeting was about to begin. 她说会议就要开始了

D) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。

如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。

(2)基本用法——

A ) 主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。

如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。

We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。

B ) 在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。

如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school.

一个星期天的下午，一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。

He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes. 因为她准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。

C ) 过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态。

如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去哈佛大学。

I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。

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